Since the onset of hostilities in October 2023, the Gaza Strip has been engulfed in a humanitarian catastrophe of unprecedented scale.  With over 54,000 Palestinians killed and more than 111,000 injured, the majority being women and children, the civilian population finds itself ensnared in a relentless cycle of violence, deprivation, and despair.  The Israeli military operations, coupled with an enduring blockade, have decimated infrastructure, crippled essential services, and left over 90% of Gaza's 2.1 million residents displaced, many multiple times over.  




Displacement and Shelter Crisis


The scale of displacement in Gaza is staggering.  By November 2024, approximately 1.9 million people had been forced from their homes, seeking refuge in overcrowded shelters, makeshift tents, and even open streets.  The destruction of over 60% of residential buildings has left families with no safe haven, exposing them to the elements and further violence.  


The winter of 2024–25 exacerbated the crisis.  With temperatures dropping to 6°C, many displaced individuals lacked adequate shelter, relying on tarpaulins, blankets, and other salvaged materials.  The Norwegian Refugee Council reported that these improvised dwellings offered minimal protection against the cold, leading to increased cases of respiratory infections and hypothermia, particularly among children and the elderly.  



Collapse of Essential Services


Gaza's healthcare system is on the brink of collapse.  By October 2024, 19 out of 36 hospitals had ceased operations, while the remaining facilities functioned at partial capacity due to shortages of medical supplies and personnel.  The loss of approximately 1,000 health workers since the conflict's escalation has severely compromised the territory's ability to respond to the burgeoning health crisis.  


The blockade has also led to a severe water crisis.  With 70% of Gaza lacking access to clean water, residents have resorted to drinking contaminated sources, leading to outbreaks of waterborne diseases.  The World Health Organization reported increases in acute respiratory infections, scabies, jaundice, and diarrhea, particularly among children.  



Food Insecurity and Malnutrition


The blockade and ongoing hostilities have plunged Gaza into a state of acute food insecurity.  Approximately 1.84 million people are experiencing high levels of food insecurity, with nearly 133,000 facing catastrophic conditions.  The destruction of agricultural infrastructure, coupled with restrictions on fishing and farming, has decimated local food production.  


Aid deliveries have been sporadic and insufficient.  In November 2024, armed gangs looted 98 out of 109 UN aid trucks near the Kerem Shalom border crossing, further exacerbating the crisis.  The UNRWA described the incident as "one of the worst" of its kind, highlighting the dire security situation hindering humanitarian efforts.  



Psychological Trauma and Mental Health


The relentless violence and displacement have taken a severe toll on the mental health of Gaza's residents.  A survey conducted by the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme found that displaced families are experiencing severe psychological distress, with symptoms including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.  Women and girls, in particular, are facing heightened vulnerability due to the lack of privacy and increased responsibilities during displacement.  




International Response and Challenges


The international community has expressed concern over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.  Norway's international development minister, Åsmund Aukrust, warned that Israel's actions are setting a dangerous precedent by violating international human rights laws, potentially endangering global norms in future conflicts.  Norway has condemned Israel’s military conduct, including the use of food as a weapon and restricting humanitarian access.  


Efforts to broker a ceasefire have faced significant hurdles.  Hamas has proposed amendments to a U.S.-backed temporary ceasefire plan, seeking a permanent ceasefire, Israeli troop withdrawal, and unrestricted humanitarian aid to Gaza.  However, these proposals have been rejected by U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff as "totally unacceptable," highlighting the complexities of achieving a lasting resolution.  



Conclusion


The humanitarian crisis in Gaza is a stark reminder of the devastating impact of prolonged conflict on civilian populations.  The international community must intensify efforts to facilitate a sustainable ceasefire, ensure the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian aid, and support the reconstruction of Gaza's infrastructure.  Failure to act decisively risks perpetuating a cycle of suffering and instability that will have far-reaching consequences for the region and beyond.